Journal: Experimental lung research

Article Title: Protein Kinase C epsilon is Important in Modulating Organic Dust-Induced Airway Inflammation

doi: 10.3109/01902148.2012.714841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wild-type (WT, Prkce+/+) and PKCε knock-out (KO, Prkce−/−) mice were treated (tx) with ODE (12.5%) or saline (PBS) once, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected 24 h following exposure. Primary lung macrophages from WT and KO mice were ex vivo stimulated with 1% ODE or saline for 24 hr. A, Results represent the mean ± SEM (N=5 mice/group) of cell-free levels of lung lavage fluid supernatant total nitrate. B, Results represent the mean ± SEM (N=7/group) of total nitrate level in lung macrophage cell-free supernatants. The mean (± SEM) fold change in inducible nitric oxide synthase, NOS2 (B) and exogenous nitric oxide synthase, NOS3 (C) following ODE treatment as compared to PBS treatment from lung tissue are shown (N=5 mice/group, independent, matched experiments). Statistical significance is denoted by asterisks (*p<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.001) between respective saline vs. ODE-treated groups, and hatch mark denotes statistical significance (#p<0.05) between WT and KO ODE-treated groups.

Article Snippet: Real-time PCR reactions were prepared in triplicate using 1x TaqMan Master Mix and primers and probes for NOS2 (Mm01309902_m1) and NOS3 (Mm00435217_m1) and ribosomal (18s) RNA was used as an endogenous control.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Saline, Ex Vivo

Journal: Neurocritical Care

Article Title: Neuroglucopenia and Metabolic Distress in Two Patients with Viral Meningoencephalitis: A Microdialysis Study

doi: 10.1007/s12028-016-0272-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Monitoring and metabolic profile of patient two. a Continuous values of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral hemodynamic parameters [cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain water content (BWC)] over the neuromonitoring period; vertical bars represent the percentage of elevated ICP (>20 mmHg) per 24 h; horizontal bars represent the periods of repeated osmotherapy, thiopental, and propofol administration; arrows represent the duration of targeted temperature management (33 °C) and slow rewarming to 36 °C, b hourly values of brain metabolism assessed by cerebral microdialysis (CMD) and levels of serum (S-)-glucose over the neuromonitoring period; vertical bars represent the percentage of neuroglucopenia (CMD-glucose <0.7 mM/l) per 24 h; arrows represent the duration of targeted temperature management (33 °C) and slow rewarming to 36 °C; LPR lactate-to-pyruvate-ratio. c Changes in brain and serum glucose levels associated with nutrition and systemic glucose management [continuous intravenous insulin, enteral nutrition (EN), parenteral nutrition (PN), amino acid supplementation, and intravenous (IV) glucose shown as horizontal bars ] from day one to five. Dashed lines indicate published thresholds for normal values of the respective parameters; ICP <20 mmHg, CPP >60 mmHg, CBF >17 ml/100 g/min, LPR <30, CMD-lactate <4 mmol/l, CMD-pyruvate >70 µmol/l, CMD-glucose >0.7 mmol/l, serum glucose <10 mmol/l

Article Snippet: Neuromonitoring probes were placed into the right frontal white matter to measure ICP, brain metabolism, CBF, and brain water content (BWC) (HEMEDEX QFlow500TM Perfusion Probe, HEMEDEXTM, Cambridge, MA).

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Editing Antigen Presentation: Antigen Transfer between Human B Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mediated by Class A Scavenger Receptors 1

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Live cell images depict Ag transfer from B cells to macrophages. A, BJAB cells were labeled with CTFR and pulsed with Ag. Macrophages (MΦ) were plated into glass-bottom dishes 24 h before the assay and then cocultured with either nonspecific Ab (upper panels)- or anti-Ig (lower panels) B cells in the presence of 5 μg/ml PCC-pHrodo (macrophage “stain”). After 18 h, live cell images were taken by confocal microscopy (×600 original magnification, ×2 zoom; arrows point to macrophages that bear Ag). B, Transferred Ag and phagocytized PCC localize to different cellular compartments. The AF488 signal was enhanced for cells that appeared to have Ag (panel 1) and those that did not (panel 2).

Article Snippet: Macrophages were labeled with 2.5 μ M CTFR (DDAO-SE; Molecular Probes) on chamber slides as follows: cells were washed with prewarmed (37°C) HBSS (no phenol red), stained for 7.5 min with CellTrace in HBSS, and the reaction was stopped with the addition of FBS.

Techniques: Labeling, Staining, Confocal Microscopy

Journal:

Article Title: Editing Antigen Presentation: Antigen Transfer between Human B Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mediated by Class A Scavenger Receptors 1

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophages (MΦ) acquire B cell-derived membrane and/or intracellular proteins along with Ag. BJAB cells were labeled with CTO and pulsed with Ag. Macrophages were labeled with CTFR and then cocultured for 18 h with the following Ag-pulsed B cell populations: no Ag (gray curve), nonspecific Ab (dotted curve), and anti-Ig (aIgG/M (F(ab)2; filled curve). Cells were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry. A, B cell specific fluorescence is transferred to macrophages. Level of the B cell-derived label (CTO) was determined for the FSC/SSC-gated population corresponding to macrophages (CTFR). B, Macrophages positive for B cell-derived fluorescence acquire the highest amount of transferred Ag. Levels of transferred Ag (AF488) were assessed for the double stain (CTO+CTFR+; upper panel) gated macrophage population and for those that were single stain (CTFR+ alone; lower panel).

Article Snippet: Macrophages were labeled with 2.5 μ M CTFR (DDAO-SE; Molecular Probes) on chamber slides as follows: cells were washed with prewarmed (37°C) HBSS (no phenol red), stained for 7.5 min with CellTrace in HBSS, and the reaction was stopped with the addition of FBS.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Membrane, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining